Get to know more about ELISA

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ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a biochemical technique used to detect the presence of antibodies and antigens in samples. Other names, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), are also used to describe the same technology. In ELISA, antigen (target macromolecule) is immobilized on a solid surface (microplate) and then complexed with an antibody linked to a reporter enzyme. Detection is carried out by measuring the activity of the reporter enzyme through incubation with an appropriate substrate to produce a measurable product. The most important element of ELISA is the highly specific antibody-antigen interaction.

In 1971, Peter Perlmann and Eva Engvall were scientists from Sweden who first introduced the ELISA method. This method allows analysis of protein samples immobilized in microplates using specific antibodies.

There are various methods for using ELISA which are commonly used in laboratory research, including:

  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
  3. Sandwiches
  4. Competitive

The basic principle of the ELISA method is the use of enzymes to detect bonds between antigens and antibodies. A number of unknown antigens are attached to a surface, then specific antibodies are washed on the surface, so that they bind to the antigen.

Although the use of the ELISA method is relatively simple and economical, and has quite high sensitivity, this ELISA method also has disadvantages because it can only test monoclonal antibodies (only recognizes one type of antigen). The price of monoclonal antibodies is also relatively expensive compared to polyclonal ones.

Using the ELISA method will be easier and shorten report reading time if the ELISA reader can be integrated with a PC. MOBI from Md-best is an example of an ELISA reader that has special software and can be connected to a PC device. With a reading of 6–384 microplates and minimum lamp maintenance because it uses a Xenon lamp. Compact design with dimensions of 396 x 364 x 207 mm and weighs only 9 kg, which will not take up laboratory space. Reading wavelengths of 200–999 nm with 1 nm increments can optimize Histamine, Ochratoxin and Chloramphenicol tests on food samples and can test pathogen samples.

Reference:

https://md-best.com

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA

Burgess, G.W. 1995. Basic principles of ELISA and variations in its configuration, ELISA technology in diagnosis and research. G.W. Burgess (Ed.) Wayan T. Ariana (translation). Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. p. 506.